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\begin{document}

\title{Exeter Chess Club: Exchanging into King endings
}

\author{Dr. Dave}

\maketitle
\tableofcontents




\section{
Exchanging
into a lost King ending
}

\subsection{
Jones
- Bellers, 1975
}


\board{ * * * *}
{* * *p* }
{R* * * *}
{* *rp * }
{ * *k* p}
{*P* * *P}
{P* * *PK}
{* * * * }
$$\showboard$$


What makes players do the following? White swaps off his active rook, failing
to see just 2 or 3 moves ahead. 

It is amazing how often this occurs. 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 1. Ra4+\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}1. Rf6\protect\end{chess} or indeed almost anything else would have been better!]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  1.:  Rd4 2. R*d4+ e*d4 3. Kg1 Kd3 4. Kf2 Kc2\protect\end{chess} 0-1}


\subsection{
Theory:Opposition,Triangulation,
1995
}


\board{ * * * *}
{*p* k *p}
{ * * * *}
{P * *K* }
{ * * * *}
{* * * *P}
{ * * * *}
{* * * * }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 1. Kg5!\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}1. Ke5\protect\end{chess} ?\protect\begin{chess} 1.:  Kd7 2. Kf6\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}2. Kd5 h5\protect\end{chess} the bK is too near the a-pawn for White to win]}

{\em\protect\begin{chess}  2.:  Kc6\protect\end{chess} Black can queen the pawn in seven moves]}

{\em  [\protect\begin{chess}1. h4 Kf7\protect\end{chess} with the opposition\protect\begin{chess} 2. h5 h6\protect\end{chess}]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  1.:  Kf7 2. Kh6 Kg8 3. h4 Kh8 4. Kh5\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}4. Kg5 Kg7\protect\end{chess} draws with the opposition]}

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}4. h5 Kg8 5. Kg5 Kf7\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}5.:  Kg7\protect\end{chess} even this draws:\protect\begin{chess} 6. h6+ Kf7 7. Kf5 Ke7 8. Ke5 Kd7 9. Kf6 Kd6 10.
Kg7 Ke7 11. K*h7 Kf7\protect\end{chess}]}

{\em\protect\begin{chess}  6. Kf5 h6\protect\end{chess}]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  4.:  Kg8 5. Kg4\protect\end{chess} }

taking the distant opposition 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  Kf8 6. Kf4 Ke8 7. Kg5\protect\end{chess} ! }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}7. Ke4 Kd7 8. Kf5\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}8. Kd5 h5\protect\end{chess}]}

{\em\protect\begin{chess}  8.:  Kc6 9. Kg5 Kb5\protect\end{chess}]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  7.:  Kf7 8. Kf5\protect\end{chess} }

again with the opposition but also with the pawn held back on h4 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 8.:  Ke7 9. Ke5 Kd7 10. Kf6 Kc6 11. h5 Kb5 12. Kg7 K*a5 13. h6 b5 14. K*h7
b4 15. Kg7\protect\end{chess} !\protect\begin{chess} 15.:  b3 16. h7 b2 17. h8=Q b1=Q\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}17.:  Kb4\protect\end{chess} King and Knight or centre pawn loses (Rook or Bishop
pawns on the seventh draw)\protect\begin{chess} 18. Qb8+ Kc3 19. Kf6 Kc2 20. Qc7+ Kd1 21. Qb6 Kc2
22. Qc5+ Kd3 23. Qb4 Kc2 24. Qc4+ Kd2 25. Qb3 Kc1 26. Qc3+ Kb1 27. Ke5 Ka2 28.
Qc2 Ka1 29. Qa4+ Kb1 30. Kd4 Kc1 31. Qc4+ Kb1 32. Kc3 Ka1 33. Qa4+ Kb1 34. Qc2+
Ka2 35. Q*b2\#\protect\end{chess}]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  18. Qa8+ Kb4 19. Qb7+ Kc3 20. Q*b1\protect\end{chess} 1-0}


\subsection{
Hibbitt
- Bellers , 1995
}


\board{ * * * *}
{* * k *p}
{ *p*r*p*}
{*p*p* * }
{ * * PP*}
{P * * R }
{ * * PKP}
{* * * * }
$$\showboard$$


How do you assess this position? Black has a menacing array of Queen's-side
pawns and threatens simply ...Kd6, ...c5 etc. White's only chance is to create
diversions on the King's-side and hope that it compensates. 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 1. Re3\protect\end{chess} ?\protect\begin{chess} 1.:  d4 2. R*e6+ K*e6 3. Kf3 Kd5 4. Ke2\protect\end{chess} ? }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}4. f5 g*f5 5. g5 Ke5 6. h4 f4\protect\end{chess} ! }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}6.:  c5 7. h5 c4 8. h6\protect\end{chess} wins for White]}

{\em\protect\begin{chess}  7. Kg4 d3 8. Kf3 Kf5\protect\end{chess} -+]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  4.:  Ke4\protect\end{chess} }

{\bf resigns. }

Note how potent ...f4 can be at the right time. 0-1


\subsection{
Bellers
- Pritchard 1995
}


\board{ * * * *}
{pr*k*p* }
{ pRpp*p*}
{*P* * *p}
{P* *PP P}
{*P* KP* }
{ * * * *}
{* * * * }
$$\showboard$$


White has been pressing throughout, but Black now threatens to equalise with
...Rc7. 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 32. f5\protect\end{chess} ! (that break again)\protect\begin{chess} 32.:  e*f5 33. e*f5 Rc7 34. f*g6 f*g6 35. R*c7+
K*c7 36. Kd4 Kd8 37. Ke4 Ke7 38. Kd5 Kd7 39. b4 Ke7 40. a5 Kd7 41. a6 Ke7 42.
Kc6 d5\protect\end{chess} and resigns: }\protect\begin{chess}

43. Kb7 d4 44. K*a7 d3 45. K*b6 d2 46. a7 d1=Q 47. a8=Q\protect\end{chess} 1-0


\subsection{
Bellers
- Hodgson , 1977
}


\board{ * * * *}
{pp*k* * }
{ * * p *}
{* p * * }
{ *P*p*b*}
{* * P * }
{P* K P *}
{* * * N }
$$\showboard$$


Against a youthful Julian Hodgson, White is paying the price of playing Grob's
Attack! 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 25. Ne2 B*e2 26. K*e2 Kc6 27. f3 e*f3+ 28. K*f3 b5 29. c*b5+ K*b5 30. Ke4
Kc4\protect\end{chess} resigns. }

But is the position before\protect\begin{chess} 25.Ne2\protect\end{chess} totally lost? The Knight is tied down,
but the Bishop has to stay on g4 to keep it there, and meanwhile the Knight is
guarding all the entry squares 




\section{
Exchanging
to won King ending, 
}
\subsection{
Sarahs
- Bellers, 1995
}


\board{ * *r* *}
{pp* * k }
{ *p* *p*}
{* * * * }
{ * p * *}
{* * *P* }
{PP *rRR*}
{* *K* * }
$$\showboard$$


Black is two pawns up with a passed d-pawn and control of the e-file. What is
the best way forward? Double Rook endings can be difficult to win. 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 30.:  d3\protect\end{chess} }

completing the stranglehold 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 31. b4 b6 32. a4 R*f2 33. R*f2 Re2 34. R*e2 d*e2+ 35. K*e2 Kf6 36. Ke3 Ke5
37. a5 b*a5 38. b*a5 c5\protect\end{chess} 0-1}


\subsection{
Bellers
- Evans, 1977
}


\board{ * * * *}
{*p* nk* }
{p* * * p}
{* PpR * }
{P* P *p*}
{* * KpP }
{ P * P *}
{* * * * }
$$\showboard$$


White swaps off into a won K+P ending, but it isn't as easy as White first
thought. Simply\protect\begin{chess} 47.b2-b4\protect\end{chess} would have been stronger.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  47. R*e7+ K*e7 48. Kf4 h5 49. b4 Kf6 50. b5 a*b5 51. a*b5 Ke6 52. c6\protect\end{chess} ?
}

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}52. Kg5\protect\end{chess} wins easily]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  52.:  b*c6 53. b*c6 Kd6 54. Kg5 K*c6 55. K*h5 Kb5 56. K*g4 Kc4 57.
K*f3 K*d4 58. Ke2 Kc3 59. Kd1 Kd3 60. g4 Ke4 61. g5 Kf5 62. f4\protect\end{chess} 1-0}


\subsection{
Thornley
- Bellers, 1995
}


\board{ * * * *}
{* * * pk}
{p* * * p}
{P * *p* }
{ * *p*qP}
{* * * P }
{ * * P *}
{* Q * K }
$$\showboard$$


White is a pawn down but seems to have everything covered. Black must do
something active to break through. 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 55.:  f4\protect\end{chess} (that move again)\protect\begin{chess} 56. Q*f4 Q*f4 57. g*f4\protect\end{chess}}



\board{ * * * *}
{* * * pk}
{p* * * p}
{P * * * }
{ * *pP P}
{* * * * }
{ * * P *}
{* * * K }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf how do you assess this position? }

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 57.:  Kg6 58. Kg2 Kf5 59. h5\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}59. Kg3 h5\protect\end{chess}]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  59.:  K*f4 60. Kf1 Kf3 61. Ke1 e3 62. f*e3 K*e3 63. Kd1 Kf4 64. Kd2
Kg5 65. Kc3 K*h5 66. Kc4 g5 67. Kc5 g4 68. Kb6 g3 69. K*a6 g2 70. Kb7 g1=Q 71.
a6 Kg5\protect\end{chess} }

resigns: advanced Rook pawns do draw against K+Q but not K+Q+P! 1-0


\subsection{
Furnewell
- Frost , 1995
}


\board{ r * * *}
{* rk* pp}
{p*p*p* *}
{* RpP * }
{ * * P *}
{* * * * }
{PPR* KPP}
{* * * * }
$$\showboard$$


I'm not sure how to categorise this one: Black thought he was transposing into
a won K+P ending because of the protected passed d-pawn, White presumably
thought it was won. Who was right? 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 26.:  Rb5\protect\end{chess} }

White has the choice: leaving the rooks on may have been easier 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 27. R*b5 c*b5 28. R*c7+ K*c7 29. Ke3 Kc6 30. Kd4 a5 31. a3 a4 32. h3 g6 33.
g3 h5 34. g4 h4\protect\end{chess}}



\board{ * * * *}
{* * * * }
{ *k*p*p*}
{*p*pP * }
{p* K PPp}
{P * * *P}
{ P * * *}
{* * * * }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 35. f5\protect\end{chess} }

But 

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}35. Ke3 Kc5 36. f5\protect\end{chess} draws easily!\protect\begin{chess} 36.:  e*f5 37. g*f5 g*f5 38. Kf4 d4 39. e6
Kd6 40. K*f5 d3 41. Kf6 d2 42. e7 Kd7 43. Kf7 d1=Q 44. e8=Q+\protect\end{chess}]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  35.:  e*f5 36. g*f5 g*f5 37. Ke3 Kd7 38. Kf3 Ke6 39. Kf4 d4\protect\end{chess}}

{\bf 0-1}


\subsection{
Bellers
- Saqui, 1983
}


\board{ * * * *}
{* * * * }
{ *p*pk *}
{*p*pR *p}
{ P P pb*}
{* P * * }
{ * * PK*}
{* * * * }
$$\showboard$$


Finally, an ending to demonstrate the resources that may exist when all seems
lost. The key to this ending is the greater mobility of the rook, and the
ability of the wK to gain entry on the White squares. 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 44. Re1 Ke7 45. Rh1 f3+ 46. Kg3 Kf7 47. Kf4 Kf6 48. Ra1 Ke7 49. Ke5 Kf7 50.
Kd6\protect\end{chess} }

two pawns now go, but it's still got to be won 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 50.:  Bf5 51. K*c6 Bd3 52. Kd6 Kf6 53. Rh1 Kg5 54. K*e6 Bc4 55. Ke5 Kg4 56.
Rg1+ Kh3 57. Rg3+ Kh2 58. R*f3 h4 59. Rf4 h3 60. Rg4 Be2 61. Rg7 Bf3 62. Kd6
Bg2 63. f4 Kg1 64. Rh7 h2 65. f5 Be4 66. R*h2 K*h2 67. f6 Bg6 68. Ke6 Kg3 69.
f7 B*f7+ 70. K*f7 Kf4\protect\end{chess}}



\board{ * * * *}
{* * *K* }
{ * * * *}
{*p*p* * }
{ P P k *}
{* P * * }
{ * * * *}
{* * * * }
$$\showboard$$


Black has wriggled well but this K+P ending is won for White 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 71. Ke6 Ke4 72. Kd6 Kd3 73. K*d5 K*c3 74. Kc5 Kb3 75. d5\protect\end{chess} 1-0}



\end{document}